FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL: TINJAUAN LITERATUR

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, characterized by hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation accompanied by proteinuria or other organ dysfunction. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the occurrence of preeclampsia through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 20 reliable scientific articles published within the last five years. The review shows that factors associated with preeclampsia include maternal age <20 or >35 years, first pregnancy or high multiparity, history of hypertension or previous preeclampsia, high BMI or unbalanced nutritional status, chronic diseases, non-ideal interpregnancy interval, adherence to Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, maternal knowledge, and occupation. These findings indicate that preeclampsia is a multifactorial condition involving interactions between biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Management of preeclampsia requires early detection, routine maternal health monitoring, nutritional improvement, education, and a multidisciplinary approach to prevent serious complications in both mother and fetus.

Keywords: preeclampsia, pregnant women, influencing factors